Climate Change and Impacts on Rural Agricultural Activities: The Case of Jirapa Municipality, Ghana

Abstract

Climate change is causing difficulties in food security and livelihoods in Ghana due to unpredictable rainfall, prolonged drought periods, and floods. A study was conducted to assess the effects of climate change on agricultural livelihoods in the rural areas of the Jirapa Municipality. The study used a mixed method approach, employing cluster, stratified, purposive, and convenience sampling techniques to gather data from 4 zones, 9 strata communities and 218 respondents using questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages, while interview data was categorized into themes to provide additional insights. The results of the study indicated that unpredictable rainfall patterns and soil fertility degradation have led to a decrease in agricultural output. Climate change has also been observed through changes in temperature and rainfall patterns over time. Farmers rely on both organic and inorganic fertilizers to enhance productivity, but they lack organic seeds to improve seed viability and crop yields, thus relying on locally sourced seeds from their farm products. Groundnuts, maize, and beans are the main crops for the farmers, and they also raise pigs and goats. The study recommends constructing irrigation systems to supplement rainfall and provide adequate water supply for crops. Additionally, governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other stakeholders should use local FM radio stations to educate farmers on climate change and its impact in Ghana. The Ministry of Food and Agriculture and developmental partners should also train farmers on the appropriate use of agricultural inputs and the effective implementation of climate adaptation measures.