Effects Of Community-Based Management of the Boabeng-Fiema Conservation Area on Livelihoods of Fringe Communities in the Nkoranza North District, Bono East Region

Abstract

The Boabeng-Fiema Conservation Area (BFCA) in the Nkoranza North District of Ghana plays a significant role in conserving biodiversity and supporting community livelihoods. This study explores the effects of community-based management of the conservation area on the livelihoods of fringe communities. Specifically, it assesses land use and land cover dynamics over thirty years (1992–2022), evaluates the effectiveness of management practices, and examines the conservation area on the people's livelihoods. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating remote sensing, household surveys, and key informant interviews. LULC changes were analyzed using satellite imagery classification and accuracy assessment, while socio-economic data were examined using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. A total of 100 households were surveyed, and 5 key informants provided qualitative insights. The analysis revealed significant improvements in forest cover, primarily driven by reforestation initiatives, while some areas experienced agricultural expansion. Management practices were found to be effective in promoting biodiversity conservation but imposed restrictions on traditional livelihoods, particularly in resource access. Despite these limitations, alternative livelihood programs, including beekeeping, snail farming, and non-timber forest product (NTFP) ventures, have contributed to economic development. Fringe communities benefited from improved income opportunities and community development projects funded by conservation revenues. The community-based management system of the BFCA has had a positive impact on biodiversity conservation and provided alternative income-generating activities for local communities. However, the restrictive nature of resource access has challenged traditional livelihood strategies, particularly for those heavily reliant on forest resources. The balance between conservation goals and livelihood needs remains delicate, requiring adjustments in policy and management strategies. It is recommended that management practices be adapted to better align with the livelihoods of local communities, ensuring greater involvement in decision-making processes. Expanding livelihood diversification programs and enhancing equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms could foster stronger community support for conservation efforts. Further research should focus on long-term socioeconomic impacts and the role of governance structures in enhancing both conservation and livelihood outcomes.