The Enablers and Barriers to Monitoring and Evaluation Practice: A Case Study of Wa Municipality of Ghana

Abstract

This study explores the enablers and barriers to the implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices in the Wa Municipality, situated in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The research seeks to provide an in-depth understanding of the factors influencing M&E systems in local governance and development initiatives. The study adopts a qualitative research design guided by a social constructivist philosophy, focusing on the subjective experiences and perceptions of key stakeholders involved in the M&E process. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of 50 participants, including Heads of Departments, Field Officers, Assembly Members, Chiefs, Contractors, and donor partners (both international and local). The findings of the study reveal a complex interplay of enablers and barriers that shape the effectiveness of M&E practices. Enablers identified include active stakeholder collaboration, adequate capacity building programs, the integration of digital tools for data collection and management, and the commitment of local authorities towards improving governance. These factors were found to foster a conducive environment for robust M&E systems and enhance the accountability, transparency, and impact of development projects in the region. However, the study also highlights several significant barriers that impede the full potential of M&E practices. Key challenges include limited financial resources, inadequate staffing, a lack of technical skills, weak data management systems, and fragmented coordination among local government bodies, NGOs, and private sector partners. Additionally, there is a noticeable gap in community engagement in the M&E process, which limits the effectiveness of these systems in addressing local needs and fostering ownership of development initiatives. These challenges are further exacerbated by political factors and systemic issues within local governance structures. The study concludes that addressing these barriers requires a multidimensional approach, which includes increasing financial and technical support for M&E activities, strengthening the capacity of human resources, improving coordination among stakeholders, and fostering greater community involvement in M&E processes. It recommends the establishment of a centralized digital M&E platform that can streamline data collection, analysis, and reporting, thereby improving the efficiency and transparency of M&E systems. Furthermore, the research advocates for policies that prioritize M&E as a central component of local governance and development planning. The research also suggests potential areas for future studies, including the exploration of the role of digital technologies in improving M&E practices, the impact of community-based monitoring systems, and the influence of political will and leadership on the success of M&E frameworks. The findings contribute valuable insights to policymakers, development practitioners, and academic researchers, providing a framework for strengthening M&E practices in the Wa Municipality and similar regions in Ghana.